First of all, when purchasing glass bottles and jars in China, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of the glass bottles and jars. Different uses have different basic standards for their performance requirements, and the standards for physical and chemical properties are also different. However, all kinds of glass containers (bottles and jars) should meet the following basic requirements.
1 Physical and chemical properties
(1) They should have certain chemical stability and be resistant to acid and alkali corrosion. For example, in order to prevent the reaction between the medicine and the packaging, the requirements for chemical stability of glass bottles used for pharmaceutical packaging are higher than those of ordinary glass containers (bottles and jars); in order to ensure food safety, glass containers (bottles and jars) used for food packaging have certain requirements for the dissolution of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and antimony.
(2) They should have certain thermal stability. Before packaging food, beverages, canned food, etc., the glass plates and bottles should be cleaned and sterilized by heating.
Especially for canned food, after filling the contents, they should be sterilized and sealed at high temperature, which has high requirements for thermal stability.
3) They should have certain mechanical strength. Bottles containing gas such as beer, soda, and champagne have certain requirements for their resistance to internal pressure. For example, the high-speed beer filling line has requirements for its impact strength because the bottles travel at a high speed on the conveyor belt and collide with each other.
(4) The internal stress should be eliminated to a certain level.
2 Specifications and dimensions
(1) The inner and outer diameters and shapes of the mouth of the glass bottle, the verticality deviation of the bottle body, and the flatness of the mouth of the bottle will affect the filling and sealing, and must meet certain allowable values.
(2) The geometric dimensions of the same type of glass containers (bottles and cans) must be consistent.
3 Melting quality of glass
(1) Glass color: Colorless glass should have high transparency, and colored glass should have a stable and pure color.
(2) Glass quality: The glass should be melted evenly, and defects such as stones, streaks and bubbles should be avoided as much as possible.
If some technical indicators do not meet the standard requirements, it will affect the use of glass containers (bottles and cans). For example, if the physical and chemical properties listed above are unqualified, the batch of products will not be allowed to leave the factory; some technical indicators, such as deviations in specifications and dimensions, will have a certain impact on filling, and the appearance quality will affect the appearance of the product. Therefore, the technical standards of the products have clear provisions on the qualified quality level (AQL) and inspection level for product acceptance.
In China, production standards are divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards, and they are divided into two categories: mandatory standards and recommended standards.
National standards refer to standards that are of great significance to the national economic and technological development and need to be unified nationwide. National standards are applicable nationwide, and other standards at all levels shall not conflict with them. National standards are the main body of the four-level standard system.
Industry standards refer to standards formulated for technical requirements that do not have national standards but need to be unified within a certain industry nationwide. Industry standards are a supplement to national standards and are highly professional and technical standards. The formulation of industry standards shall not conflict with national standards. After the national standards are promulgated and implemented, the corresponding industry standards shall be abolished.
Local standards refer to standards formulated for safety and health requirements of industrial products that do not have national standards and industry standards but need to be unified within provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. Local standards are applicable within the administrative region and shall not conflict with national standards and industry standards. After the national standards and industry standards are promulgated and implemented, the corresponding local standards shall be abolished.
Enterprise standards refer to product standards formulated by enterprises and standards formulated by technical requirements, management and work requirements that need to be coordinated and unified within the enterprise. Enterprise standards are the basis for enterprises to organize production and business activities.
Mandatory standards refer to the state's explicit legal requirements for the technical content and requirements specified in some standards, which must be implemented and are not allowed to be violated or changed for any reason or in any way. Such standards are called mandatory standards, including mandatory national standards, industry standards and local standards. For violations of mandatory standards, the state will pursue the legal responsibilities of the parties in accordance with the law.
Recommended standards refer to standards that the state encourages to be voluntarily adopted and have a guiding role but are not suitable for mandatory implementation. That is, the technical content and requirements specified in the standards have a general guiding role, and users are allowed to flexibly select them according to their actual conditions. Enterprises should formulate enterprise standards for products based on the specific conditions of the products so that they can be followed in production and operation.
Chinese national standard code: mandatory national standard GB, recommended national standard GB/T, industry standard QB, BB. Currently, the national standards, industry and local standards applicable to Chinese glass containers (bottles and cans) are as follows:
GB 4544-1996 Beer bottles
GB2640-1990 Molded antibiotic glass bottles
GB2641-1990 Controlled antibiotic glass bottles
GB 19778-2005 Allowable limits of lead, cadmium, arsenic and antimony leaching from packaging glass containers
GB 17762-1999 Safety and sanitation requirements for heat-resistant glassware
GB/T11416-2002 Daily insulation containers
GB 15346-2002 Chemical reagent packaging and marking
GB6552-1986 Test method for mechanical impact resistance of glass bottles and jars
GB 12415-1990 Internal stress test method for pharmaceutical glass containers
GB 12416.1-1990 Water resistance test method and classification data for pharmaceutical glass containers
QB 2142-1995(2009) Carbonated beverage glass bottles
GB/T17449-1998 Threaded bottle mouth dimensions for packaging glass containers
GB/T5432-1985 Density determination method for daily glass
GB/T5433-1985 Transmittance determination method for daily glass
GB/T 18144-2000 Glass stress test method
GB/T4545-2007 Internal stress test method for glass bottles and jars
GB/T 4546-2008/ISO 7458:2004 Internal pressure test method for glass bottles and jars
GB/T4547-2007/ISO 7459:2004 Test method for thermal shock resistance and thermal shock durability of glass containers
GB/T4548-1995 Test method and classification for water erosion resistance of inner surface of glass containers
GB/T4548.2-2003 Flame spectrometry for determination and classification of water erosion resistance of inner surface of glass products and glass containers
GB/T5432-1985 Density determination method for daily glass
GB/T5433-1985 Transmittance determination method for daily glass
GB/T6552-1986 Mechanical impact test method for glass bottles and jars
GB/T3534-2002 Determination of lead and cadmium leaching from daily ceramics
GB/T21170-2007 Determination of lead and cadmium leaching from glass containers
GB/T8452-2008 Vertical axis deviation test method for glass bottles and jars
GB/T5009.11-2003 Determination of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in food
GB/T5009.63-2003 Analytical method for hygienic standards of enamel tableware containers
GB/T 22934-2008 Vertical load resistance test method for glass containers
GB/T20858-2007 Test method for capacity determination of glass containers by weight method
GB/T2639-2008 Glass infusion bottle
GB/T17449-1998 Threaded bottle mouth dimensions for packaging glass containers
GB/T9987-1988 Glass bottle and jar manufacturing terms
GB/T5043-1985 Threaded tube glass bottle
GB/T24694-2009 Glass container liquor bottle
QB/T3729-1999 Crown mouth dimensions for glass containers
QB/T3562-1999 500 ml crown mouth liquor bottle
QB/T 4594-2013 Glass container food canned bottle
QB/T3563-1999 (2009) 500 ml canned bottle
QB/T 4622-2013 Glass container milk bottle
QB/T 4064-2010 Tempered glassware for catering
QB/T 12415-1990 Internal stress test method for medicinal glass containers
QB/T12416.1-1990 Water resistance test method and classification of medicinal glass containers
QB/T4171-2011 Determinant bottle making machine
QB/T4623-2013 Glassware decoration
BB/T0018-2000 Packaging container wine bottle
BB/T 0029-2004 Packaging glass container tolerance
DB37/T679-2007 Mechanism glass special-shaped liquor bottle
RB/GF P001-2004 Export canned glass bottle
SN/T 0400.11-2002 Inspection procedures for canned food for import and export: glass container
HG/T3115-1998 Performance of borosilicate glass 3.3
CCGF 306.6-2015 Beer bottle (product sampling implementation specification)