In a broad sense, tableware glass refers to the general term for daily utensils, decorations and art glass. In a narrow sense, tableware glass refers to glassware for holding food and beverages, such as water cups, small plates, vegetable plates, wine utensils, etc., so it is also called glass tableware.
Characteristics of tableware glass: high transparency, clean surface, no defects such as streaks and stones on the surface, chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength meet the use requirements.
Classification and performance requirements of tableware glass
Classification of tableware glass 3.1.1.1 Classification by function
(1) Ordinary tableware glass Ordinary tableware glass is mainly based on the soda-lime-silicate glass system and is divided into two formulas: oxidizing and reducing. For the red, orange and yellow glass colored by "selenium-cadmium" and the brown and brown glass colored by "sulfur-carbon", a reducing agent needs to be added to the composition and melted in a weak reducing atmosphere. By adding various colorants to the ordinary soda-lime-silicate system glass, tableware glass products of different colors can be produced.
(2) Crystalline glassware glass has the characteristics of being easy to melt and process like ordinary glassware, and also has a high transmittance within the visible light wavelength range, as well as a high refractive index and dispersion. According to whether it contains lead or not, it can be divided into two categories: lead-free crystal glass and lead-containing crystal glass. According to the content of Pb0, lead-containing crystal glass can be divided into low-lead crystal glass, medium-lead crystal glass and high-lead crystal glass. Crystalline glassware containing more than 25% of Pb0 can emit a crisp metallic echo when it hits each other. It is often used to make high-end utensils and artworks. When combined with engraving technology, its high refractive index will be highlighted.
(3) Heat-resistant glassware glass Heat-resistant glassware glass requires glass to have a certain thermal stability. Generally, borosilicate glass system is selected as the basis. The glassware for microwave ovens is made of borosilicate glass system. In addition, microcrystalline glassware has high temperature resistance. Generally, lithium aluminum silicate glass system is selected for the manufacture of induction cooker panels.
(4) Tempered glassware Tempered glassware is a glassware made by tempering ordinary glassware to improve its mechanical strength. There are several tempering processes, including air-cooled tempering, liquid-cooled tempering and chemical tempering. Most tempered bowls, cups and lids of cooking pots are made by air-cooled tempering.
Products Description
Classification by use
According to the use, it is divided into tableware, wine utensils, water utensils, cooking utensils, etc. Among them, tableware, wine utensils and water utensils are mostly based on soda-lime silicate glass. Transparent glassware is required to have high transparency and a certain glossiness; glassware with a certain color should have bright colors, and the performance should meet the requirements of use, and the shape should be beautiful and generous, and have a certain applicability.
(1) Tableware: various shapes of bowls, plates, condiment bottles, saucers, jars, high-foot plates and other utensils.
(2) Wine utensils: various high-foot wine glasses, long-necked wine bottles with stoppers, whiskey glasses, etc.
(3) Waterware: water cups, water cups with handles, large pitchers with spouts, ice buckets, beverage cups, water coolers, etc.
(4) Miscellaneous items: cosmetic containers, storage containers, ashtrays of various shapes, etc.
(5) Cookware: glassware that can be heated by open flames, electric heating, and microwaves, such as coffee pots, coffee cups and saucers, frying pans, baking trays, baking dishes, various types of frying pans and steaming pot lids, induction cooker panels, gas stoves and liquefied gas stove panels, kitchen countertops, etc. This type of glassware is mostly based on borosilicate glass. For the glass used for the induction cooker panel, lithium aluminum silicon system microcrystalline glass is generally used, which has good thermal stability, low thermal expansion coefficient and high mechanical strength. For the glass used for the steaming pot lid, tempering technology is generally used to improve the mechanical strength of the glass.
Classification by manufacturing process
According to the manufacturing process, it is divided into blow molding, press molding, centrifugal casting molding, and free molding. (1) Blow molding uses compressed air or manual mouth blowing to mold the glass liquid into a certain product shape in the mold, including mechanical blowing molding and manual blowing molding, such as high-foot glasses, water vessels, etc.
(2) Press molding uses mechanical force to press the glass liquid into a certain product shape in the mold. Pressed glass products are divided into two methods: mechanical pressing and manual pressing.
(3) Centrifugal casting pours the glass liquid into the mold, and the mold rotates at high speed to make the glass liquid evenly fill the mold and form it.
(4) Free molding generally does not require a mold to mold. It is manually formed into a certain product shape by blowing, pulling, pinching, sticking, rolling, etc., such as kiln glass vases, furnishings, etc.
Performance requirements for vessel glass
Vessel glass for different purposes has different performance requirements. For example, the thermal shock resistance requirements of a glass hot water cup and an ordinary glass vase will be different.
